Empirical analysis on lumbar disc herniation treated with "sinew-bone three needling technique" of Chinese medicine / 中国针灸

The paper presents professor WU Han-qing's experience in treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with "sinew-bone three needling technique" of Chinese medicine. Based on the theory of meridian sinew, the points are located by "three-pass method" in terms of the distribution of meridian sinew and syndrome/pattern differentiation. The cord-like muscles and adhesion are relieved by relaxing technique to work directly on the affected sites and alleviate the local compression to the nerve root. The needle technique is operated flexibly according to the affected regions involved, due to which, the needling sensation is increased while the safety ensured. As a result, the meridian qi is enhanced, the mind and qi circulation is regulated; and the clinical effect is improved.

MiR-663a Inhibits Radiation-Induced Epithelium-to-Mesenchymal Transition by Targeting TGF-β1 / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#miR-663a has been reported to be downregulated by X-ray irradiation and participates in radiation-induced bystander effect via TGF-β1. The goal of this study was to explore the role of miR-663a during radiation-induced Epithelium-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).@*Methods@#TGF-β1 or IR was used to induce EMT. After miR-663a transfection, cell migration and cell morphological changes were detected and the expression levels of miR-663a, TGF-β1, and EMT-related factors were quantified.@*Results@#Enhancement of cell migration and promotion of mesenchymal changes induced by either TGF-β1 or radiation were suppressed by miR-663a. Furthermore, both X-ray and carbon ion irradiation resulted in the upregulation of TGF-β1 and downregulation of miR-663a, while the silencing of TGF-β1 by miR-663a reversed the EMT process after radiation.@*Conclusion@#Our findings demonstrate an EMT-suppressing effect by miR-663a via TGF-β1 in radiation-induced EMT.

Experience in treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy by relaxing the sinew of hand three / 中国针灸

The clinical experience of professor

Bone Loss Induced by Simulated Microgravity, Ionizing Radiation and/or Ultradian Rhythms in the Hindlimbs of Rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To better understand the pathological causes of bone loss in a space environment, including microgravity, ionizing radiation, and ultradian rhythms.@*METHODS@#Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a baseline group, a control group, a hindlimb suspension group, a radiation group, a ultradian rhythms group and a combined-three-factor group. After four weeks of hindlimb suspension followed by X-ray exposure and/or ultradian rhythms, biomechanical properties, bone mineral density, histological analysis, microstructure parameters, and bone turnover markers were detected to evaluate bone loss in hindlimbs of rats.@*RESULTS@#Simulated microgravity or combined-three factors treatment led to a significant decrease in the biomechanical properties of bones, reduction in bone mineral density, and deterioration of trabecular parameters. Ionizing radiation exposure also showed adverse impact while ultradian rhythms had no significant effect on these outcomes. Decrease in the concentration of the turnover markers bone alkaline phosphatase (bALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAP-5b) in serum was in line with the changes in trabecular parameters.@*CONCLUSION@#Simulated microgravity is the main contributor of bone loss. Radiation also results in deleterious effects but ultradian rhythms has no significant effect. Combined-three factors treatment do not exacerbate bone loss when compared to simulated microgravity treatment alone.

Biopharmaceuticals classification system(BCS) of nuciferin in Nelumbinis Folium / 中国中药杂志

Nuciferin is the main active ingredients in Nelumbinis Folium， which was proved to have good hypolipidemic， antioxidative and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. Currently， pharmacokinetic studies of nuciferin showed different results based on different animal models. evaluation experiments were low-cost， stable and controllable. Biopharmaceutical classification system(BCS) was an effective and reliable simulation method to evaluate the bioavailability of oral drugs. It was a scientific framework for classifying drugs or active pharmaceutical ingredients(API) according to their solubility and impermeability . In the study， BCS was applied in an active ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)， which was consisted of numerous chemical components. To study the equilibrium solubility of nuciferine， ideal solution model， Ape blat model and polynomial model were adopted. The permeability was measured based on partition coefficient(logP) and distribution coefficient(logD). Besides， apparent permeabilities of Caco-2 cells and murine intestine tissues were evaluated. Nuciferine was classified as BCSⅠ， since it had a good solubility and permeability in all methods under acidic conditions. However， in neutral and alkaline environments， nuciferine was classified as BCSⅣ by using everted intestinal sac. It indicated that the species of experimental animals has a significant influence on the absorption of nuciferine. This experiment can provide data support to the prediction in a complex environment(medicinal materials and absorbed parts). The application of BCS on TCM ingredients provided a new method to evaluate and screen out the druggability of TCM ingredients.

Time series analysis of per diem expense of inpatients with chronic kidney disease in a tertiary referral hospital in Shanghai / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To study the tendency of per diem expense and drug cost ratio of inpatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the top three diseases (chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, and primary glomerulonephritis) in a tertiary referral hospital in Shanghai from 2011 to 2016, so as to predict the per diem expense and drug cost ratio of inpatients in 2017. Methods We analyzed the per diem expense, drug cost ratio and other general situation of inpatients with CKD, and conducted the modeling research by the expert modeler in SPSS 23.0 software time series analysis module. Firstly, the per diem expense and drug cost ratio of inpatients with CKD from Jan. 2011 to Dec. 2015 were used to build model, and then the per diem expense and drug cost ratio of the inpatients in 2016 predicted by the model were compared with the real data of the inpatients in 2016 and the values of the model were evaluated. Secondly, the per diem expense and drug cost ratio of inpatients with CKD in 2017 were predicted. Finally, according to the same principle, the per diem expense and drug cost ratio of inpatients with chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome and primary glomerulonephritis in 2017 were predicted. Results The per diem expense, per capita hospitalization expense and per capita drug expense of inpatients with CKD increased annually from 2011 to 2016, and the expenses were (1 506.89±1 003.34) yuan, 8 252.51 yuan and 2 009.88 yuan in 2016, respectively, with the growth rates being 62.38%, 41.62% and 14.44%, respectively. The drug cost ratio of the inpatients decreased annually, and the ratio reached 32.33% in 2016. The time series models established by the per diem expense and drug cost ratio of inpatients with CKD were Winters additive model and simple seasonal model, respectively. According to the time series model, the predicted per diem expense and drug cost ratio in 2016 were consistent with the real values in 2016. The per diem expense and drug cost ratio of inpatients with CKD in 2017 predicted by the time series model were about 1 600 yuan and 30%, respectively. The predicted per diem expenses of inpatients with chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome and primary glomerulonephritis in 2017 were about 1 700 yuan, 1 800 yuan and 1 600 yuan, respectively, and the predicted drug cost ratios were about 30%, 35% and 10%, respectively. Conclusion The hospital income structure is constantly optimized, and a real-time disease cost monitoring information platform should be established. The research based on the trend of single disease expense needs to be further studied.

Investigation of inpatients with chronic kidney disease in a tertiary referral hospital in shanghai from 2011 to 2016 / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To analyze the demographic information and related costs of inpatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a tertiary referral hospital in Shanghai from 2011 to 2016, so as to provide reference for further understanding and improving the current situation of medical treatment of patients with CKD in Shanghai. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data (age, gender, hospital stay, disease diagnosis, hospitalization expenses and so on) of inpatients with CKD in a tertiary referral hospital in Shanghai from 2011 to 2016. The general characteristics and disease diagnosis of the inpatients with CKD were statistically analyzed by calculating the proportion of each index using a simple statistical description method. The treatment, hospitalization expenses of the inpatients with CKD were compared between different groups by variance analysis and non-parametric test. Results The percent of inpatients from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces around Shanghai was 49.97% (10 033/20 079), surpassing that of inpatients from Shanghai (38.78%, 7 787/20 079). The proportion of inpatients with chronic renal failure was the highest (51.98%, 10 438/20 079), and more young people tended to suffer from the disease. The per capita hospitalization expense was increased annually, and the median hospitalization expense was 8 252.51 yuan in 2016. There were significant differences in per capita hospitalization expenses between the different year groups (P0.001). Conclusion Active and effective measures should be taken to deal with the problem of large numbers of nonlocal patients seeking medical services in Shanghai. It is necessary to popularize the knowledge about CKD in young people, and reduce the social and personal losses due to the illness. The economic burden caused by CKD needs to be further studied.

Selection of policy tools for constructing tiered medical care system: A Quantitative analysis based on provincial government policy text / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:To compare and analyze the choice and application of policy tools in the construction of hierarchical medical system in different provinces of china, and to provide advice for improving the effectiveness of the hierarchical medical policy implementation. Methods:Retrieve the policy documents of provincial governments on hierarchical medical policy through internet search;sort names and categories of policy tools based on the classifica-tion of policy tools by Rothwell&Zegveld after consulting the expert,and analyze the use of policy tools by calculating the frequency of different policy tools. Results:This study has summed up 15 types of policy tools in 3 categories in-cluding demand,supply,and environment of provincial hierarchical medical policy. Supply policy tools accounted for 32.92%,demand policy tools accounted for 20.58%, and environmental policy tools accounted for 46.50%. The most widely used policy tool is the regulatory control, and the least used policy tool is the disease catalog. Conclu-sions:Among the choice of policy tools,the category of environmental policy tools are the most widely used,and de-mand policy tools are applied the least. The use of three types of policy tools in the eastern region are balanced,the demand policy tools in Central China are relatively few, and the environmental policy tools are widely used in the western region,while the demand oriented policy tools are scarce.

Analysis on the hierarchical medical system of regional longitudinal medical consortium based on system dynamics / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective: To analyze the change in community first diagnosis and two-way referral rate under the condition of the regional longitudinal medical consortium implementation in the country at large. According to the simulation results,some suggestions for hierarchical medical system were put forward. Methods : The community first diagnosis and two-way referral rates were determined using the literature meta-analysis, and were simulated under different conditions by means of the system dynamics. Results :The analysis results confirmed that simply increasing the financial subsidies can increase the community first diagnosis rate within a range from 0.08％ to 0. 17％. For in case increases are made by the government in technical financial input to enhance the technical level of the community health service centers and in compensatory financial input to reduce the higher hospitals dependence on the light disease, results showed that the lower conversion rate increased within the range of 0.33％～0.45％ in terms of the two-way referral rating. On the contrary, when technical financial input is increased to improve the technical level of community health service centers, the rate of change was in the range of 7.52％ '- 12.61％ - Conclusions : Firstly, the diversified strategy should be used to promote the achievement of graded diagnosis and treatment. Secondly, the Health Commission plays a key role in the promotion of themedical consortiumconstruction. Thirdly, medical insurance reimbursement differential strategy should be implemented and the supply-side reform should be strengthened. At last,attention should be paid to the rational development of existing referrals, especially the upper and lower ones.

Risk factors of the failure in digit replantation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relative factors on the failure in digit replantation in order to take preventions to control the risk factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2013 to December 2013, 236 consecutive patients (311 fingers) underwent digit replantation were collected to analyze retrospectively, involving 183 males and 53 females with an average age of 34.5 years old ranging from 2 to 62 years old (6 cases under 6 years old and 230 cases elder than 6 years old). There were 51 thumbs, 87 index fingers, 78 middle fingers, 63 ring fings and 32 little thumbs. Forty cases(forty fings) who were failured as the observation group, the others as the control group. The factors of age, gender, finger, cause of injury, smoking history, ischemia duration, plane of division, condition of venous drainage and condition of arterial repair we assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 236 cases with 311 fingers were replanted, 40 fingers were failured after operation. The relative factors on the failure in digit replantation included smoking history, cause of injury, plane of division, condition of venous drainage and condition of arterial repair (P< 0.05). There were no significant correlation between the failure and age, gender, finger and ischemia duration (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Smoking history, causes of injury, plane of division, condition of venous drainage and condition of arterial repair are risks of failure in digit replantation. Before choosing the type of operation, it should be think about the patient's general conditions, injury status, grasp firmly the operative indications and actively carry out surgical treatment.</p>

Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen on the Growth of Intracranial Glioma in Rats / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Numerous studies have confirmed that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in combination with radiotherapy or chemotherapy may increase the efficacy of radiotherapy or chemotherapy in patients with glioma. However, whether HBO therapy alone may inhibit or promote the growth of malignant tumors remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of HBO on the growth of glioma in rats, and the impact of HBO on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), angiogenesis, and apoptosis of glioma cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with or without HBO after glioma cell inoculation and followed for up to 16 days postinoculation. Rats were randomized to receive bilateral forelimb function tests (n = 20 per group) and head magnetic resonance imaging (n = 5 per group). Differences between HBO and control groups were tested using 2-sample independent t-tests and changes over time within treatment groups were analyzed using a repeated measurement analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction. The effect of HBO on the expression of VEGF, HIF-1α, von Willebrand factor, angiogenesis, and tumor cell apoptosis were also examined (n = 5 per group).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forelimb function scores were reduced in both HBO-treated and control groups. HBO-treated rats had significantly larger tumor volume and more water in the cerebellum compared with control rats. The intratumoral expression of VEGF was significantly higher in HBO-treated rats compared with control rats (23.2% vs. 13.3%, P = 0.002). HIF-1α was significantly increased in HBO-treated rats compared with controls in the expression of both intratumoral (72.7% vs. 54.9%, P = 0.001) and peritumoral (2.6% vs. 1.9%, P = 0.003) cells. The intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) was significantly higher in the HBO group (15.6 vessels/field vs. 4.4 vessels/field, P < 0.001), and the peritumoral MVD was not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). Apoptosis was significantly lower in HBO-treated rats compared with controls (44.4% vs. 82.8% for intratumoral; 10.1% vs. 77.5% for peritumoral, both P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The current results demonstrate that HBO alone may promote tumor growth, and is therefore not suitable to treat patients with gliomas with neurological deficits or disorders with HBO alone. If HBO must be used as a mean of rehabilitation, it is recommended that HBO should be combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy.</p>

Quercetin enhances the anti-leukemic effect of adriamycin / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to explore the anti-leukemic mechanism of quercetin (Que) in vivo and it enhancing chemotherapeutic effect of adriamycin (ADR) by establishing the quercetin-treated P388 transplanted nude mouse model. The P388 leukemic cells in logarithmic growth phase were taken and injected subcutaneously into BALB/c nude mice so as to establish the leukemia-transplanted nude mouse model. The model mice were treated by quercetin, ADR and their combination, and the survival changes of model mice were observed, the hemogram and peripheral blood cell count examination were performed regularly; the cell cycle was detected and the influence of quercetin on cell proliferation was analyzed by flow cytometry; the caspase-3 protein expression level was detected by ELISA; the mRNA and protein changes of NF-κB, BCL-2, BAX were measured by real-time quantitative flourascence PCR and Western blot respectively. The results indicated that the quercetin and adriamycin could significantly prolong the survival of P388 leukemia nude mice, and their combination displayed significantly prolonged effect. Quercetin and adriamycin alone or in their combination could reduce the ratio of G0/G1 phase in mice, the cell ratio in S phase and G2/M phase increased, and the effects of the combination group were more significant than that of the single agent groups. Quercetin could activate caspase-3 and promote leukemic cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, quercetin could down-regulate the expression of BCL-2 and NF-κB gene, and up-regulate the expression of BAX gene. It is concluded that through modulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes, the quercetin can inhibit leukemia cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and enhance the chemotherapeutic effects of adriamycin. These results provide some valuable data for further research and development of quercetin as a new and effective anti-leukemic drug.

Protective effect of aluminum on hair loss induced by fluoride in fluorosis mice / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of aluminum on hair loss induc ed by fluoride in fluorosis mice.Methods Sixty male C57BL mice were divided into four groups according to body mass:control group,fluoride (F) group (F-100 mg/L),aluminum(Al) group(Al3+ 270 mg/L) and F + Al group(F-100 mg/L + Al3+270 mg/L).Mice were killed 1 month and 3 months after the experiment,respectively.Bone F content was detected by ion-selective electrode method.The level of bone Al was measured through inductively coupled plasma emission spectrum.Dental fluorosis and hair loss of mice were evaluated by visual method.Results One month after the experiment,no dental fluorosis and hair loss was found in all four groups.The content of bone F was the highest in F group [(2401.649 + 86.835) mg/kg],and the lowest in A1 group [(427.006 + 11.878) mg/kg].The levels of bone F in F + Al group and control group were (1210.332 + 19.531)mg/kg and (538.001 + 33.337)mg/kg,respectively.The difference was statistically significant between any two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Three month after the experiment,all mice of F treatment group had dental fluorosis and hair loss(10/10).Alopecia areas were found in the neck and back regions only.There was no hair loss in control group,Al group and F + Al group.No dental fluorosis was found in both control and Al groups.Only 2 mice were found with dental fluorosis in F + Al group.The levels of bone F in F group,F + Al group,control group and Al group were (4098.645 + 58.842),(1888.165 ± 12.187),(876.258 + 14.462) and (662.385 ± 8.966) mg/kg,respectively.The difference was statistically significant between any two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The hair loss is found in fluorosis mice.Hair loss of mice is closely associated with the level of F exposure.Al can prevent the occurrence of hair loss induced by F in mice through reducing the accumulation of F.

Primary culture of rat cerebellar granule neurons in vitro / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To establish a stable primary culture of rat cerebellar granule neurons in vitro for further study the toxic effects of chronic arsenic exposure on cerebellar cells.Methods Cerebellar cortices were taken from brain of Wistar rat 5-7 day old after born under stereoscopic microscope.Single cell suspension was acquired after digestion and washing with trypsin (0.25％) and DNase Ⅰ solution,respectively.Granule cells were purified from other cells by differential velocity adherence method for two times.Rat cerebellar granule neurons were seeded in culture plate pre-coated with poly-L-lysine.Neurons growth,development and synaptic connections were observed daily.The neurons were identified by neuron specific enolase (NSE) immunofluorescence technique.Results The neurons were affixed to the culture plate in 24 hours,in reticular arrangement observed under contrast microscope.Granule cells gradually turned round from oval and outlines became clearer in 2-3 days.In 4-6 days,there were a wide range of synaptic connections among the neurons and a mature nerve cell network formed.A large quantity of cerebellar granule neurons was seen by NSE identification.Few bigger cells such as purkinjes cells and glial cell outlines were also seen in the same visual field.Conclusions This is a successful primary culture method for acquirement of rat cerebellar granule neurons.The method can provide experimental basis for future studies the toxic effects of chronic arsenic exposure on cerebellar cells.

Application of thenar perforator flaps for the narrow cicatricial contracture at thumb and the first web / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the therapeutic effect of thenar perforator flaps for the narrow cicatricial contracture at thumb and the first web.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Aug. 2010 to Jan. 2012, 9 cases with narrow cicatricial contracture at thumb and the first web, were treated. The defect size after releasing the contracture ranged from 8 mm x 20 mm to 15 cm x 30 mm. The bilateral thenar perforator flaps beside the wound were designed which size was 10 mm x 25 mm to 15 mm x 35 mm. The wounds at donor sites were closed directly.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 9 flaps survived completely with primary healing. The patients were followed up for 6-18 months. The flaps had soft texture and good appearance. The shape of flaps and function of the fingers were satisfied after 6-18 months of follow-up. There was no scar contracture at incisions in thenar. The thumb motion was really normal. The abduction of first web was 70 degrees - 90 degrees degrees.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The thenar perforator flaps is one of the ideal methods for the treatment of narrow cicatricial contracture at thumb and the first web. The main artery is not sacrified.</p>

Morphological changes of rat cardiac tissue caused by citreoviridin combined with selenium and protein deficiency / 中国地方病学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the morphological feature of myocardial changes in adult rat exposed to citreoviridin(CIT) with selenium and protein deficiency.MethodsAccording to 2 × 2 factorial design,48 healthy male Wistar rats aged 4-week were randomly divided into four groups:group Ⅰ (Se-Pro-CIT+,low selenium and low protein plus CIT group),group Ⅱ (Se-Pro-CIT-,low selenium and low protein without CIT group),group Ⅲ (Se+Pro+CIT+,adequate selenium and adequate protein plus CIT group),and group Ⅳ (Se+Pro+CIT-,adequate selenium and adequate protein without CIT group),12 rats in each group.After one week of normal adaptive feeding,all the rats were fed with selenium and protein deficiency feed for 2 months,and then the animals in group Ⅰ and group Ⅲwere fed with 8 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 of CIT for 2 more months,after that the CIT dose was increased to 10 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 for the final 2 weeks.At the end of the experiment,all the rats were sacrificed by femoral artery bleeding,and body and heart weight were measured.Heart weight index was calculated and histopathological changes were observed under light microscope.Results Heart weight indexes of the 4 groups(Se-Pro-CIT+,Se-Pro-CIT-,Se+Pro+CIT+ and Se+Pro+CIT- groups) were (3.65 ± 0.45) × 10-3,(3.05 ± 0.19) × 10-3,(3.83 ± 1.06) × 10-3 and (3.31 ± 0.52) × 10-3,respectively.The results of factorial analysis showed that the effects of CIT on heart weight index were statistically significant(F =8.524,P ＜ 0.05 ),the effects of Se + Pro were not statistically significant(F =1.347,P ＞ 0.05),and there were no interactions between the two factors (F =0,048,P ＞ 0.05).Morphologically,tissue fibrosis around branch coronary artery in group Ⅰ rats,plenty of cardiocyte pycnosis in group Ⅱ,and myocardial scattered necrotic foci in group Ⅲ were observed,accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration in group Ⅲ,and normal myocardial structure in group Ⅳ rats.Conclusions Citreoviridin plays a major role in causing myocardial injury( degeneration and necrosis) and CIT combined with selenium and protein deficiency can aggravate the

Biochemical tests of rat cardiac injury induced by citreoviridin toxin in rats with joint deficiency of selenium and protein / 中国地方病学杂志

ObjectiveTo clarify the causative effect of citreoviridin toxins(CIT) as well as nutritional deficiency of selenium and protein on rat myocardial injury at biochemical level.Methods According to 2 × 2 factorial design,48 healthy male Wistar rats aged 4-week were randomly divided into four groups:exposed to CIT along with nutritional deficiency of selenium and protein,nutritional deficiency of selenium and protein,exposed to CIT and control groups.After the rats in each group began to be fed with selenium and protein deficiency and(or) adequate fodder for 3 months,8 mg/kg body weight of CIT was fed daily to the rats in the two CIT toxin groups for two months.After that the CIT dose was raised up to 10 mg/kg body weight each day within the final 2 weeks.At the experimental endpoint,all the rats were sacrificed by femoral artery bleeding after ether anesthesia,and serum and heart specimens were collected for biochemical analysis by detecting serum Tn-Ⅰ and albumin,serum activities of CK and GSH-Px,myocardial SOD and T-AOC.ResultsThe interactions between Se & protein and CIT in rat final body weight,serum albumin,and Tn-Ⅰ was observed(F=8.186,6.160,19.183,all P＜ 0.05),whereas interactions in rat body weight of 12 weeks,serum GSH-Px,CK as well as myocardial SOD,T-AOC activity were not found (F=1.633,1.987,0.075,0.474,1.145,all P ＞ 0.05).Under the nutritional deficiency of selenium and protein,serum albumin and Tn-Ⅰ level in the groups with CIT toxin[ (42.88 ± 1.19) g/L,(668.6 ± 55.8) ng/L,respectively]were lower than that of the group without CIT toxin[ (47.59 ± 1.05)g/L,(989.3 ± 49.2)ng/L,respectively,all P ＜0.05].The main effects of selenium and protein on rat body weight of 12 weeks,serum GSH-Px,myocardial SOD and T-AOC were statistically significant between different groups (F =96.860,58.086,4.475,25.485,all P ＜ 0.05).Rat body weights of 12 weeks in the two groups of nutritional deficiency of selenium and protein[ (186.33 ± 7.89),(197.83 ± 7.89)g] were all lower than others[ (274.08 ± 7.89),(265.42 ± 7.89)g,all P ＜ 0.05]; serum GSH-Pxs in the two groups of nutritional deficiency of selenium and protein[ (317.5 ± 102.6),(296.9 ± 90.5)U/L] were all lower than others[ (926.1 ± 110.9),( 1181.7 ± 85.9)U/L,all P ＜ 0.05] ; myocardial SODs in the two groups of nutritional deficiency of selenium and protein [ (65.22 ± 5.91 ) × 106, (62.68 ± 5.61 ) × 106 U/kg] were all lower than others [(74.07 ± 7.24) × 106, (80.07 ± 5.91) × 106 U/kg,all P＜ 0.05]; myocardial T-AOCs in the two groups of nutritional deficiency of selenium and protein[ (1.138 ± 0.086) × 106,(0.806 ± 0.081 ) × 106 U/kg] were all lower than others[(1.688 ± 0.105) × 106,(1.163 ± 0.086) × 106 U/kg,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions Animal model with selenium and protein deficiency is successfully established.However,the results of biochemical index tested in the experimental rats show no regularity effect,which needs to be checked again in the future study.

Expression of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine, thioredoxin reductase 1 and glutathione peroxidase 1 in myocardium of autopsy patients with Keshan disease / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective In this study,we investigated the relationship between oxidative stress,selenoproteins level and onset of Keshan disease (KD) through detecting the expression of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine (8-OH-dG),thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) in myocardial tissue.Methods Myocardium samples of autopsy patients including 8 cases of KD (KD group included 4 acute KD and 4 chronic KD) and 9 cases of non-KD (control group) were immunohistochemically stained for 8-OH-dG,TrxR1 and GPx1.The staining intensities subsequently quantified by using Olympus Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software.Results The positive rate of 8-OH-dG expression in myocardial nuclei was higher in the case group[(68.6 ± 20.4)％] than that of the control group[(2.4 ± 1.5)％,t =8.515,P ＜ 0.05].In addition,the positive rate of 8-OH-dG expression in acute KD[(91.7 ± 3.7)％] was significantly higher than that of chronic KD[(53.2 ± 7.9)％,t =6.409,P＜0.05].The distribution of TrxR1 and GPx1 was not associated with the distribution of myocardial damage.The expression of these two selenoproteins in KD group (401340 ± 59865,497590 ± 197082) were both lower than that of control group(2790300 ± 379298,1348400 ±615840; t =-28.493,-6.016,respectively,all P＜0.01).Conclusions Oxidative damage is detected in myocardium tissue of KD,and 8-OH-dG expression is associated with the degree of myocardial damage in KD.Selenoproteins,TrxR1 and GPx1,may be closely related to the pathogenesis of KD.

Effect of selenium, protein and vitamin E deficiency on mRNA expression of rat cardiac selenoprotein / 中国地方病学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of selenium,protein and vitamin E deficiency on mRNA expression of rat cardiac selenoprotein,and their relation with myocardial injury.MethodsForty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:low selenium low protein low vitamin E group(group A),low selenium low protein adequate vitamin E group(group B),adequate selenium adequate protein low vitamin E group(group C),and adequate selenium adequate protein adequate vitamin E group (group D),10 rats in each group.The activity of whole blood glùtathione peroxidase(GSH-Px ) was measured using dithiobis nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) at the end of sixth month experiment.The levels of mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase 1(Gpx1),phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase 4(Gpx4),thioredoxin reductase(TrxR),selenoprotein P(Se-P) and selenoprotein W(Se-W) were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR at the end of sixth month.Histopathological changes of myocardial injury were observed with light microscope.ResultsThe activity of GSH-Px was (44.6 ± 3.1 ),(45.5 ± 1.6),(86.6 ± 2.2),(85.6 ± 1.2)U/L,respectively,in the above four groups at the end of sixth month,and the difference was statistically significant(F =100.7,P ＜ 0.01 ) ; the activity of GSH-Px of groups C and D was higher than that of groups A,B(all P ＜ 0.05).mRNA expression of myocardial tissue of the four groups was as follows,Gpx1(0.099 ± 0.312,0.054 ± 0.007,0.386 ± 0.067,0.340 ± 0.085),Gpx4(1.005 ± 0.089,0.810 ± 0.229,0.895 ± 0.084,0.922 ± 0.399),and Se-W(0.188 ± 0.080,0.119 ± 0.069,0.574 ± 0.167,0.570 ± 0.383),and the difference was statistically significant(F =112.1,3.76,22.8,all P ＜ 0.05) ; the mRNA levels of Gpx1,Se-W of groups C,D were significantly higher than that of groups A,B(all P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expression of Gpx4 of group A was higher than that of group C(P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expression of TrxR(0.130 ± 0.037,0.127 ± 0.038,0.134 ± 0.021,0.120 ± 0.014) and Se-P(0.446 ± 0.155,0.413 ± 0.152,0.385 ± 0.041,0.408 ±0.208 ) was not statistically different among the four groups (F =0.91,1.75,all P ＞ 0.05).Pathological changes of myocardial tissue were mainly as foci of coagulative necrosis.The necrosis detection rate of the four groups was 8/10,4/9,2/10,and 1/10,respectively,and the difference was significant statistically(Fisher exact test,P =0.0067).ConclusionsLong-term selenium,protein and vitamin E deficiency will reduce body antioxidant capacity and lead to myocardial injury.The mRNA levels of Gpx1 and Se-W and selenium level are closely related.The mRNA levels of Gpx4,TrxR and Se-P remain relatively stable.

Effects of selenium and protein on cardiac morphology and expression of cellular glutathione peroxidase and mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase in rat myocardium / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To study the effects of selenium(Se) and protein on cardiac morphology and expression of cellular glutathione peroxidase(GPX1 ) and mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase(TR2) in rat myocardial tissue.MethodsSixty healthy weaning male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups by two factors two levels factorial design(n =15).Drinking water was divided into two levels of Se-deficient(0 mg/L) and Se-adequate (0.25 mg/L); diet was divided into two levels of protein-deficeient (10％ protein and 0.008 mg/kg Se) and protein-adequate(20％ protein and 0.015 - 0.026 mg/kg Se).The rats were killed after feeding for one year.Pathological changes in myocardial tissues were observed under light microscope.The expression of GPX1 and TR2 in rat myocardial tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Results Compared between groups,the difference of the rate of myocardial necrosis in rats was statistically significant(x2 =11.04,P ＜ 0.05),in which Se-deficient protein-deficient group [66.7％ (8/12) ] was significantly higher than Se-adequate proteinadequate group [ 7.1％ ( 1 / 14),x2 - 11.06,P ＜ 0.05 ].GPX 1 positive rates in Se-deficient protein-deficient group,Se-adequate protein-deficient group,Se-deficient protein-adequate group and Se-adequate protein-adequate group were 0(0/12),81.8％(9/11 ),10.0％(1/10) and 100.0％(14/14),respectively,in rat myocardial tissue determined by immunohistochemistry.Of which,Se-adequate protein-deficient group and Se-adequate protein-adequate group were significantly higher than Se-deficient protein-deficient group and Se-deficient protein-adequate group(x2 =12.88,8.14 and 35.89,32.60,all P ＜ 0.05).The positive expression rates of TR2 in rats myocardial tissue of the four groups were 0(0/12),81.8％(9/11),0(0/10) and 100.0％(14/14),respectively.Of which,Se-adequate proteindeficient group and Se-adequate protein-adequate group were significantly higher than Se-deficient protein-deficient group and Se-deficient protein-adequate group (x2 =28.67,18.25 and 35.89,32.60,all P ＜ 0.05).The four groups'results of the overall mean of the relatively value of protein expression of GPX1 in cardiac tissue by Western blotting were 0.87 ± 0.13,1.18 ± 0.13,0.95 ± 0.13 and 1.74 ± 0.23,respectively.Through analysis of variance of factorial design,the effects of Se and protein on protein expression of GPX1 in the heart were statistically significant(F=124.93,43.16,all P＜ 0.05).And there was interaction between them(F=24.10,P＜ 0.05).The four groups'results of the overall mean of the relatively value of protein expression of TR2 in cardiac tissue by Western blotting were 0.63 ± 0.19,0.97 ± 0.24,0.55 ± 0.08 and 1.03 ± 0.31,respectively.Through analysis of variance of factorial design,the effect of Se on expression of TR2 in the heart was statistically significant(F =36.97,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Adequate Se and protein diet can increase the levels of GPX1 and TR2 in the heart compared to deficient Se and protein diet,can enhance anti-oxidizing ability,protect the myocardial endothelial cells,reduce degree of myocardial injury,and the combined effects of both are better.